Corrosion of Mg alloys EV31A,WE43B,and ZE41A in chloride- and sulfate-containing solutions saturated with magnesium hydroxide

This study studied corrosion in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄, 0.1 M NaCl, and 0.6 M NaCl, all saturated with Mg(OH)₂, using weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical measurements. Corrosion was similar in all cases. Nevertheless, the corrosion rates were alloy-dependent, were somewhat lower in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ than in 0.1 M NaCl, and increased with NaCl concentration. The corrosion damage morphology was similar for all solutions; the extent correlated with the corrosion rate. The corrosion rates evaluated by the electrochemical methods were lower than those evaluated from hydrogen evolution, consistent with the Mg corrosion mechanism involving the unipositive Mg⁺ ion.     

Effect of bonding temperature on microstructure and intermetallic compound formation of diffusion bonded magnesium/aluminum joints

The diffusion bonding of two dissimilar alloys Aluminum 5083 and Magnesium AZ31 was carried out at 420 °C, 430 °C,440 °C and 450 °C for bonding time of 60 min. In order to characterize the microstructure evolution in the joint zone, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction were applied. The results show that joint formation is attributed to the solid-state diffusion of magnesium and aluminum into Aluminum 5083 and Magnesium AZ31 alloys followed by eutectic formation and constitutional liquation along the interface. At bonding temperature of 430 °C diffusion induced grain coarsening was observed at the interface. With increase in bonding temperature, the atomic diffusivity increases, results in easier and speeder chemical bonding. In bonding temperature of 440 °C the weld had an irregular shaped region in the weld center, having a different microstructure from the two base materials. The irregular shaped region contained a large volume of intermetallic compound Al₁₂Mg₁₇ and showed significantly higher hardness in the weld center. The present study suggests that constitutional liquation resulted in the intermetallic compound Al₁₂Mg₁₇ in the weld center.     

浅谈预拌混凝土生产企业绿色环保建设措施

本文根据当前环保政策以及混凝土市场环境分析混凝土企业生存现状,指出混凝土企业实施绿色生产的必要性,并阐述了绿色生产的具体环保措施,提出在新常态下混凝土企业发展未来。     

氟锆酸钾盐混合物对Mg-3Y-3.5Sm-2Zn合金组织和性能的影响

制备了三种氟锆酸钾(K2ZrF6)盐混合物(M),分别在三个温度下将三种盐混合物加入到铸态Mg-3Y-3.5Sm-2Zn合金中。通过差热分析(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD),光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散谱(EDS)和拉伸试验研究了合金的显微组织和力学性能,讨论了K2ZrF6盐混合物在合金中的晶粒细化机理。结果表明,铸态Mg-3Y-3.5Sm-2Zn合金由α-Mg,Mg12(Y,Sm)Zn 和 (Mg,Zn)3(Y,Sm)三种相组成。SEM和XRD检测发现,添加K2ZrF6盐混合物不会在合金中产生新的相。在780°C下加入M3盐(60wt% K2ZrF6-20wt% NaCl-20wt% KCl)时,合金的晶粒细化效果最佳。通过在780℃下加入三种盐,铸态Mg-3Y-3.5Sm-2Zn合金的力学性能得到提高,由M3盐细化后的合金具有最佳的力学性能。K2ZrF6盐混合物可细化铸态Mg-3Y-3.5Sm-2Zn合金,这是由于Mg和K2ZrF6之间还原反应得到的细Zr质点和富锆区在合金中起到的晶粒细化作用。     

Improved Corrosion Resistance in AZ61 Magnesium Alloys Induced by Impurity Reduction

The effect of impurity element Fe on corrosion behavior of AZ61 magnesium alloys in various states has been investigated by immersion test and hydrogen evolution measurements in 3.5% sodium chloride solution.The corrosion rate is found to relay on the impurity Fe concentration in the alloys and decreases with decreasing Fe content.When Fe content drops from 150 ppm to 10 ppm,the corresponding corrosion rates under as-cast and solution treatment conditions are reduced from 8.54 mm/a and 8.61 mm/a to 2.54 mm/a and 0.21 mm/a,respectively.The corrosion pattern of the AZ61 alloys is the localized corrosion,and the galvanic couples are formed among the impurity particles,second-phase particles and the matrix.The Fe impurity particles tend to act as main cathodic to form micro-galvanic cell with the α-Mg matrix,which is harmful for corrosion resistance of AZ61 alloy.     

铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn稀土镁合金高温压缩本构行为及加工图

研究了铸态Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金在应变量为50%、温度350℃~450℃、应变速率0.0001s-1~0.1s-1的范围内热压缩过程中的本构行为、组织演变和热加工性能。通过选用双曲正弦本构方程来描述合金的流变行为以及变形参数间的关系。实验结果表明，温度和应变速率对Mg-8Y-6Gd-1Nd-0.17Zn镁合金的流变应力行为有重要影响，其流变应力随温度的降低和应变速率的增加而增大，并且在温度高于400℃压缩时，合金的真应力应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特性。在本实验条件下，该合金变形期间的活化能（Q）和应力指数（n）分别为359.258 KJ / mol 和5.24，实验值与计算值之间的平均误差（ARE）为3.37％。最后基于动态材料模型加工理论，结合热加工图和压缩过程中的组织演变，确定了该合金的最佳热加工参数为：加热温度400~450℃，应变速率为0.0001s-1~0.001s-1。     

Test methods for characterizing concrete properties at elevated temperature

Fire resistance of structural members is dependent on the thermal and mechanical properties of constituent materials and these properties vary as a function of temperature. Currently, there are limited standardized test procedures for evaluating thermal and mechanical properties of construction materials at elevated temperatures. This paper provides a review and assessment of test methods and procedures for evaluating high temperature thermal and mechanical properties of concrete. The drawbacks and variations in currently available test procedures and methods in standards are discussed. Recommendations on the most suitable methods and procedures for measuring thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperature is presented. In addition, applicability of the proposed high temperature test methods and procedures is illustrated through a case study on conventional concrete specimens. Further, the need for developing standards by organizations such as American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), with standardized specifications and test procedures for measuring high temperature properties of construction materials, is laid out.     

Effect of aging time on discontinuous precipitates,continuous precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy

The evolution of precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy with aging time was studied by in situ observation with SEM, TEM and tensile testing. The results show that the continuous precipitation (CP) phases near the reaction front (RF) are replaced by the discontinuous precipitation (DP) phases at the early aging stage. In DP regions, the elliptical phases coarsen obviously with the increase of aging time, which results in a slightly slow reduction of the intracrystalline hardness of DP regions. In CP regions, some small plate phases reprecipitate simultaneously with the growth of the initial precipitates, which contributes to a slight increase in the intracrystalline hardness in CP regions at the later aging stage. The aging hardening of DP regions is faster and stronger than that of CP regions. However, the age strengthening of CP regions not only compensates for the overaging softening of DP regions but also improves the strength of the alloy.     

Stability assessment of 3D reinforced soil structures under steady unsaturated infiltration

Internal stability assessment of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures (GRSSs) has been commonly carried out assuming plane-strain conditions and dry backfills. However, failures of GRSSs usually show three-dimensional (3D) features and occur under unsaturated conditions. A procedure based on the kinematic limit-analysis method is proposed herein to assess 3D effects and the role of steady unsaturated infiltration on the required geosynthetic strength for GRSSs. A suction stress-based framework is used to describe the soil stress behavior under steady unsaturated infiltration. Based on the principle of energy-work balance, the required geosynthetic strength is determined. A comparison analysis with the prior research is conducted to verify the developed method. Two kinds of backfills, i.e., high-quality backfill and marginal backfill, are considered for comparison in this work. It is shown that accounting for 3D effects and the role of unsaturated infiltration considerably reduces the required geosynthetic strength. The 3D effects are primarily affected by the width-to-height ratio of GRSSs, and the contribution of unsaturated infiltration is mainly influenced by the soil type, flow rate, GRSS's height, and location of the water table.